Cadbury Marketing Assignment Essays

Cadbury Marketing Assignment Essays Cadbury Marketing Assignment Essay Cadbury Marketing Assignment Essay Essay Topic: Marketing In this assignment, I am trying to discover what a suitable product is for Cadbury to sell to children which are 14 16 years old. The product would have to be a chocolate bar. I have to discover what type of chocolate bar should Cadbury produce and other information which is needed. The method which I used to find out the following information was to first find out what information needed to be discovered. Then I designed a questionnaire to find out most of this information which was required. I wrote down my questionnaire results which I got from questioning twenty 14 16 year old children. I questioned children between aged 14 16 years because this is the age group at which the product is aimed at. I wrote the results down in a data collection sheet which I made for the questionnaire. I then made another questionnaire which was smaller, to discover some more information which needed to be discovered. During this investigation, I have discovered many things about what the product should be like, what the price should the chocolate bar be, how it should be advertised, where it should be sold, what kind of packaging should the chocolate bar have and what type of chocolates do children aged between 14 and 16 years like. The product itself is a chocolate bar. This chocolate bar is aimed at children aged between 14 and 16 years. From my research which I have conducted, I have discovered that children in this age group prefer to eat milk chocolate rather than white or dark chocolate as thirteen out of twenty children preferred milk chocolate. I have also discovered from my questionnaires, that children in this age group like to eat chocolate which has nothing within it. From my second questionnaire, I discovered that the chocolate should be soft and not hard. It should also have a flaky texture and should melt in your mouth. This is also how I came across the name of this product- Dairy Milk Crumbly. I think this name describes the product well and is also a well known and trusted name which from my research is also one of the most favourite brand names in the UK. The price I have set for this product is 45p. This price has been selected after doing two questionnaires. In my first questionnaire I asked about what the 14 16 year olds think the price should be and I also asked this in the second questionnaire. The difference was, that in the second questionnaire, I used relatively smaller price groups to choose from. This price is also similar to prices of other chocolate bars sold in shops. Selling the product at 45p would make a good profit, as it only costs 8-10p to make one bar. From my research, I have also found out how the product should be advertised. From my first questionnaire, I discovered that a child is more likely to find out about a new chocolate bar from the internet. I discovered from my results of the second questionnaire that an overwhelming majority of children within the age group accesses the internet at least 3 days a week, and half access the internet at least five days a week. Using the internet to advertise is very advantageous to Cadbury as they sell their products worldwide. The internet is also worldwide and the adverts would be able reach a large number of children. For their secondary means of advertisement, I suggest that Cadbury use television advertising. But this method of advertising can be disadvantageous as many people do not watch the adverts on TV as they may go to make a drink or get some food. The chocolate bar should be sold in newsagents, supermarkets and to leisure centres. I have also identified a mistake made earlier which is that I asked where someone would go to buy a bar of chocolate. The mistake was that I asked only about buying chocolates singularly but I have now realised that more chocolates are bought from supermarkets as many people buy multi packs of chocolates. The packaging of the chocolate should be brightly coloured as this attracts more people to look at the chocolate when they enter a shop. As they are attracted to the chocolate as they enter, they are more likely to be tempted to buy the chocolate bar. Also the packaging has to be kept airtight to protect the chocolate. The packaging also has to contain information on the weight of the product, its nutritional value, its ingredients and has to separately name the ingredients which may cause allergic reactions.

How to Boost Your Productivity at Work

How to Boost Your Productivity at Work Highly successful people tend to be more productive as well. There are only so many hours in the day, so making the most of your time at work is crucial. Getting more done in less time allows us to get ahead, and even leave us time to do things outside of work. The problem is that it is hard to stay focus and motivated in today’s busy and connected world. To boost your productivity, you could either put in more hours or you could work smarter. I don’t know about you, but I definitely prefer the latter. To work smarter, it’s not about using more task management tools, it’s not about getting more done, it’s more about getting the right things done. There is actually science behind productivity. Check out the video below to learn the science of productivity.

The september 11 attacks on the twin tower, the death of Osama Bin Essay

The september 11 attacks on the twin tower, the death of Osama Bin Laden, and their significance to local community - Essay Example This paper helps to examine the impact that the September 11 attacks had on America and the world, as well as the significance of Osama Bin Laden’s recent death on the local community. Following the attacks on the twin towers, the entire American community began to hate people that had a different skin colour and were averse to the idea of letting other religions, especially Islam, persist within their country. However, they needed to remember that not everyone that practised Islam was a part of the terrorist attacks. A number of people that had been killed had been Islamic too. Americans shed hatred towards other cultures for a long time following the attacks and burned down a temple as well. One sikh man, mistaken to be a Muslim, was even shot and killed by American haters. All this led to a very gory separation among the people as trust was betrayed and people began to flee to their homes in order to stay safe. All over the world, borders closed temporarily as people did no t want to accept anyone belonging to different cultures into their countries for some time. Most people were even afraid to sit on flights because they feared that they would be hijacked. However, at the time it was important to understand that the attacks had already taken place and not much could be done about it. There were memorials and vigils held in memory of those that had died in the tower crashes. Since March 2002, the ‘Tribute in Light’ had been set up on Ground Zero, which were beacons of light arranged in the same squares as the twin towers, that shone in the night in order to complete the skyline. ("About 9-11: Pop Culture and Remembrance.") A number of books and publications were released following the attacks, by writers in Germany, France as well as America, condemning the fact that the 9/11 attacks were not only Al-Qaeda related. These writers stated that there were a number of conspiracy theories which involved involvement from the Israeli as well as t he American government itself. A number of people began to question the politics that George Bush was heading at the time. Several movies depicting the crash were also released and cried, raged, sang and remembered alike. A number of fund raisers were held by musicians and pop stars in order to give back money to the families of those affected. However, what was surprising was that the US went to war dropping bombs on Afghanistan just a month after all the commotion had taken place. (Lehrer, Jimmy) In recent times, in May 2011 itself, it was reported that Osama Bin Laden was captured and killed by American militants and that the world need not fear his plans anymore. It must be understood that more than half the Islamic community as well as other people around the world were as overjoyed about the capture as Americans because they too wanted justice to prevail. â€Å"Like most Americans, I remember September 11 well and remember that he was behind it. I looked forward to the day he would be brought to justice,† says Mike Frechs in an interview with the general American public with regard to Osama Bin Laden’s death. However, the American outlook has still not changed towards the local Islamic community because airports still frisk anyone they suspect to be a Muslim extremely interrogatively as compared to other people. It must be brought to notice that just

Sustainable Management Futures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Sustainable Management Futures - Essay Example The employer should have justifiable evidence that can convince an outside observer of her claims. The employee should also be convicted that this action of making public the wrongdoings will lead to changes being done. The Disclosure Act 1998 requires employees not to engage in whistle blowing activities. Loyalty is having unwavering allegiance to an affiliation or person Integrity on the other hand is being free of any form of dishonest behavior (Johnson, 2003: 279). When whistle blowing the employee who is loyal to the organization should seek the best for that organization and make justifiable accusations that are not aimed at achieving selfish gain but helping the general majority. Whistle blowing for the right reasons is a positive force in the society as it ensures that people maintain accountability and ethics. Lying is not justifiable at any one time. However I don’t believe that business can be completely ethical especially in price determination. This is because pri ces are determined by the market with all organization trying to make the most profits. The code of ethics is crucial for an organization as it leads to cultivation of good behaviors such as accountability honesty and integrity which makes the organization not to operate smoothly. Legal considerations are crucial because it save an organization or individual trouble with the law. For instance nurses are expected to abide to the rule of confidentiality of their patient (Brenkert & Beauchamp, 2010 618). If they have information about a HIV positive patient and discover that he/she plans to have sexual relations with a HIV negative partner they cannot blow the whistle since they can be sued. Scenario Three Increasing women in the top executive positions increase diversity in the board of directors’ composition. This creates an arena for discussion of different perspectives on issues which helps in making good decisions. Lord Davies report has recommendation on how women represen tation in top executive position in UK can reach to 25% by 2015. The institute of leadership report on women reveals that despite about half of the working population consist of women they are underrepresented in the top executive positions. Women hold only 12% of directorship position and only 22% of top management positions. Barrier to female occupation of top position are gender biases and the fact that women who are also homemakers are unable to give total commitment to work such as working long hours. Promotion today is based on performance. The first wave of feminism started in the late 19th century to early 20th century. This was during the industrialization era and the wave had the aim of pushing for opening job opportunity for women. It challenged the culture of domesticity calling for women representation in the political arena. The second wave was in the 1960s-90s. This came after the civil movement had diet down. The main aim of this was the recognition of female reprodu ctive rights and promotion of equal social rights. The third wave which is also called post feminism started in the 1990s to date. This is where female portray their sexuality by wearing high heels pushup bras and make up (Vinnicombe, 2008; 142). They assert that one can be beautiful and at the same time have brains. In the former waves female sexuality was seen as an object of oppression but it is now viewed as a subject of feminine beauty. Scenario four The stakeholders theory outlines haw an organization should be managed and the ethical

Violence In Sports :: essays research papers

Violence in Sports To: Mrs. Woods From: Jean-Philippe Do you think there's a connection between sports and violence? If you do, do you think it should be banned? I too think that it's connected but, unlike most people, don't think it should be banned. I have many reasons to believe so and I will state them in my essay. First I will point out that not all sports include violence. Not many actually express violence, the only ones that do contain violence are team sports. I'm not saying that I dislike team sports, au contraire I love team sports, they help build team spirits. All I'm saying is that sports like football contain lots of violence, unlike individual sports like ping pong or kayaking. Some sports are now becoming so violent that it's almost impossible to remove the violence without removing the sport itself. Lots of people protest because some sports are too violent and they're trying to take the violence away by banning them. What they don't realize is that there are billions of fans that are obsessed by those sports and by taking a sport away from them, could ruin their lives. Trying to stop the violence is almost like trying to declare world peace. There will always be someone who either picks a fight or builds an underground organization. Football, hockey, soccer, and all those other violent sports will be practiced until the end of the world. Another reason why I don't want these sports to be cut is because when you practice a sport like football it helps you release all that frustration and energy you have inside. By releasing all that pressure it helps you relax for a period of time. Getting rid of popular sports like hockey or football could put a lot more kids on the streets because they would have nowhere else to go or nothing else to do. Some people tell others to keep their kids out of team sports to avoid getting involved in a gang. What those people don't realize is that those kids that never played a team sport

Reporting Stockholders Equity

ckChapter 11 – Reporting and Analyzing Stockholders’ Equity I. Characteristics of a Corporation (Publicly held (closely held)) * Separate legal existence; * Limited liability of stockholders; limited to investment * Transferable ownership rights; * Ability to acquire capital; * Continuous life; * Corporation management: Shareholders Shareholders * Voting rights * Profit sharing * Preemptive right * Residual claim Board of Directors Board of Directors CEO(PRESIDENT) CEO(PRESIDENT) . other vps . other vps CIO CIO CFO CFO COO COO Treasurer Treasurer ControllerController * Government regulations; file application with state government-> corportate charter by-law * Additional taxes. Double taxation II. Stock Issue 1. Basics of Stock Issue: (1) Authorized Stock: The maximum amount of stock that a corporation is authorized to sell by corporate charter. (2) Outstanding Stock: Capital stock that has been issued and is being held by stockholders. Legal capital= # of issued shares x par value per share (3) Par Value Stock: Capital stock that has been assigned an arbitrary value per share in the corporate charter. 4) No-par value Stock: Capital stock that has not been assigned a value in the corporate charter. (5) Stated Value of No-par value Stock: Value per share assigned by the board of directors to no-par value stock. Authorized Issued Outstanding (6) Paid-in Capital: Amount paid to corporation by stockholders for shares of ownership. (7) Retained Earnings: Earned capital held for future use in the business. 2. Accounting for Common Stock Issues: (1) Issuing Stock at Par Example 1: On March 1, 2002, XYZ Company issued 10,000 shares of $10 par value common stock at par. (2) Issuing Stock above ParExample 2: On June 10, XYZ Company issued 5,000 shares of $10 par value common stock at $12 per share. Cash 60,000(=5,000Ãâ€"12) Common Stock50,000 Additional paid in capital14,000 (Paid in capital in excess of par) What if the common stock issued on June 10 is n o par stock with a stated value of $10? Cash60,000 Common Stock50,000 Additional Paid in capital10,000 3. Treasury Stock: * A corporation’s own stock that has been issued, fully paid for, and reacquired by the corporation but not retired. * Issued but not outstanding (1) Corporations acquire treasury stock to †¦ reissue shares to employees under bonus and stock compensation plans; * increase trading of company’s stock in securities market to enhance market value; * reduce number of shares outstanding , and therefore increase earnings per share (EPS); * prevent a hostile takeover. (2) Purchasing Treasury Stock: * Cost method: Treasury stock is increased by the amount paid to reacquire the shares, and is decreased by the same amount when the shares are later sold. Example 3: On October 15, 2002, XYZ Company acquired 2,000 shares of the stock issued on June 10 in Example 2 at $9 per share.On the balance sheet: Stockholders equity Paid in capital Common stock (par) Ad ditional paid in capital Retained earnings Less: Treasury stock (a contra equity account) * Effect of purchasing treasury stock on common stock: * Effect of purchasing treasury stock on stockholders’ equity: III. Preferred Stock * Preferred stock has contractual provisions that give it preferences over common stock in dividends and assets in the event of liquidation. * Preferred stockholders do not have voting rights. Example 4: On November 5, 2002, XYZ Company issued 5,000 shares of $10 par value preferred stock for $13 per share.Cash65,000 Preferred Stock50,000 Additional Paid in capital15,000 1. Dividend Preference * Preferred stockholders have the right to share in the distribution of corporate income before common stockholders; * The first claim to dividends does not guarantee dividends; * Cumulative Dividends: Preferred stockholders receive current and unpaid prior-year dividends before common stockholders receive any dividends. When dividends are cumulative, preferred dividends that were not declared in a given period are called dividends in arrears. Example 5:XYZ Company issued 10,000 shares of 10%, $5 par value cumulative preferred stock On January 1, 1999. XYZ had not declared any dividends until December 31, 2002. 1999: 10,000x 5 x 10% = 5,000 2000: 5,000 2001: 5,000 2002:5,000 Dec 31, 02: $20,000 in cash * Dividends in arrears are not liability. They should be disclosed in the notes to financial statements. 2. Liquidation Preference- Creditors Prefered stock holders common stock holders IV. Dividends * A distribution by the corporation to the stockholders on a pro rata basis. 1.Cash Dividends: (1) To pay a cash dividend, a company must have: * retained earnings * adequate cash * declared dividends (2) Some Important Dates: * Declaration date: the date the board of directors formally authorizes the cash dividends and announces it to stockholders. Retained earnings Dividends payable * Record date: The date ownership of outstanding shares is de termined for dividend purposes. * Payment date: The date dividends are paid. Dividends payable Cash * Cumulative effect of declaration and payment of cash dividends on accounting equation: 2. Stock Dividends: Companies pay stock dividends to †¦ * Satisfy stockholders’ dividend expectations without paying cash; * Increase the marketability of its stock; * Emphasize that a portion of stockholders’ equity has been permanently reinvested in the business. * Small Stock Dividend: If the stock dividend is less than 20%-25% of the corporation’s issued stock, it is recorded at the fair market value per share. * Large Stock Dividend: If the stock dividend is greater than 20%-25% of the corporation’s issued stock, it is recorded at par or stated value per share. Example 6:On February 1, 2003, the balance of XYZ Company’s retained earnings was $2,500,000. XYZ Company declared a 15% stock dividend on its 100,000 shares of $10 par value common stock. The cu rrent fair market value of XYZ Company’s stock is $13 per share. Retained earnings195,000 Stock dividend Distributable150,000 Additional paid in capital45,000 On March 1, 2003, XYZ Company issued the dividend shares. Stock dividend distributable 150,000 Common Stock150,000 – Effect of stock dividends on stockholders’ equity and its components: S/E Retained earnings195,000 (Decrease)Common Stock150,000 (Increase) Additonal paid in capital45,000 (Increase) NET EFFECT: No change V. Stock Splits: * The issuance of additional shares of stock to stockholders accompanied by: * A reduction in the par or stated value; * An increase in number of shares. No entry * Effect of stock splits on stockholders’ equity and its components: S/E Common Stock (Par value per share x total # of issued shares) Add. Paid in capital Retained Earnings VI. Retained Earnings: * Net income that is retained in the business. Revenues (Credit, transfer to credit of income)Income Summary(Tr ansfer N. I to retained earnings credit) Retained Earnings Expenses (Transfer debit to debid of income summary) * Deficit: a debit balance in retained earnings. Deficit is reported as a deduction in stockholders’ equity on the balance sheet. * Retained earnings restrictions- Debt covenants VII. Financial Statement Presentation: 1. Balance Sheet S/E Paid-in-capital Common stock (par value) Preferred stock (par value) Additional paid in capital Retained earnings Less: Treasury Stock 2. Statement of Cash Flows Cash Flows from Financing ActivitiesIssuance of stock (cash inflows) Repurchase of stock (cash outflows) Dividend payment (cash outflows) VIII. Ratio Analysis: 1. Dividend Record * Payout Ratio: Cash dividends declared on common stock/ Net income 2. Earnings Performance * Return on common stockholders’ equity ratio: (NI-Prefered stockholders dividends)/Average common stockholders equity 3. Debt versus Equity Decision | Bond| Common Stock| Owners’ Control| Not affected| Diluted| Tax Benefit| Bond interests are tax deductible| Dividends are not deductible| Financial Ratio(EPS)| Not affected| Lower| Fixed payment| Yes | No|

For decades, African Americans have been on a racial...

For decades, African Americans have been on a racial discrimination and extremely deadly roller coaster ride for justice and equality. In this new day and age, racial tendencies and prejudice has improved since the 1700-1800s,however, they are slowly going back to certain old ways with voting laws and restaurants having the option to serve blacks or not. It all began with the start of slavery around 1619. The start of the New World, the settlers needed resources England and other countries had, which started the Triangle Trade. The New England settlers manufactured and shipped rum to West Africa; West Africa traded slaves to the West Indies for molasses and money . From the very beginning, they treated African Americans like an object or†¦show more content†¦On their way there, it was said that they killed sixty whites before being overwhelmed by local whites and a militia and lost their lives. After the capture, trial, and death by hanging of Nat Turner, many southern state s started to increase and stricter their slave laws to prevent this from happening again (Black History Milestones). This is just a small spark to a fight for abolition and the Underground Railroad to freedom. An early abolition movement in the North, by slaves wanting to liberate themselves and Quakers who opposed slavery and their moral beliefs, started but soon decline when slaves were part of the economic solution to work in the cotton fields. On the other hand, a reaction towards congress passing the Fugitive Slave Act started a new abolition movement. William Lloyd Garrison was one of the crusaders for this movement. He was a journalist from Massachusetts who founded an abolitionist newspaper The Liberator in 1831 and was an antislavery activist (Black History Milestones). Another abolitionist was Frederick Douglass; he launched his own abolitionist newspaper in 1846 (Brunner). Fighting to stop slavery was not the only thing people tried to do. Free blacks and antislavery Nort herners began to help slaves escape their owners in the South to the North with an intricate, labyrinth escape route to